Contact us
A
A
A
Home
Sitemap
Search
Home
> Sitemap
Print Friendly version
Sitemap
About WEC
> Mission and Objects
> Membership
> What WEC Does
> Organisational Structure
> WEC Structure
> WEC Officers responsibilities
> WEC Officers full list
> Honorary Officers
> Standing Committees
> Programme Committee
> Committee Membership
> Agendas and Minutes
> Studies Committee
> Committee Membership
> Agendas and Minutes
> Communications Committee
> Committee Membership
> Agendas and Minutes
> Standing Committee Chairs
> WEC History
> The early years
> The Triennial Congress
> Recent history
> Patron Programme
> Financial Report
> London Office
> Business Plan 2005-2007
> Plan d’Activité 2005-2007
> WEC Services Ltd
> Executive Assembly
> Rome 2007
> Agenda
> Principal Decisions
> Tallinn 2006
> Principal Decisions
> Agenda
> Minutes
> Colombo 2005
> Colombo - Principal Decisions
> Finances
> Secretariat
> Regional Coordinators
> Patrons 2008
> WEC Chair
> WEC Vice Chairs
> Partnerships
> WEC Chair-elect
> WEC Chair-elect (fr)
> How countries become WEC members
> Terms and Conditions
> Principal Responsibilities
> Finance Committee
> Vision Statement
> The Communications Team
> Business Plan 2008-2010
> Goals & Challenges 2008-2010
> WEC Global and Regional Studies
> WEC Technical Programmes and Task Forces
> WEC Regional Collaboration and Action
> WEC Communications and Outreach
> WEC Membership Support and Finance
Members
> How to Join
> Members Area
> Member Committees
> Argentina
> Algeria
> Australia
> United Kingdom
> Austria
> Bangladesh
> Belgium
> Botswana
> Brazil
> Bulgaria
> Cameroon
> Canada
> China
> Congo (Demo. Rep.)
> Côte d'Ivoire
> Croatia
> Czech Republic
> Denmark
> Egypt (Arab Rep.)
> Estonia
> Ethiopia
> Finland
> France
> Gabon
> Georgia
> Germany
> Ghana
> Greece
> Guinea
> Hong Kong, China
> Hungary
> Iceland
> India
> Indonesia
> Iran (Islamic Rep.)
> Iraq
> Ireland
> Israel
> Italy
> Japan
> Jordan
> Kenya
> Korea (Rep.)
> Kuwait
> Latvia
> Lebanon
> Libya / GSPLAJ
> Lithuania
> Luxembourg
> Macedonia (Rep.)
> Mali
> Mexico
> Monaco
> Mongolia
> Morroco
> Namibia
> Nepal
> Netherlands
> New Zealand
> Niger
> Nigeria
> Norway
> Pakistan
> Paraguay
> Peru
> Philippines
> Poland
> Portugal
> Qatar
> Romania
> Russian Federation
> Saudi Arabia
> Senegal
> Serbia
> Slovakia
> Slovenia
> South Africa
> Spain
> Sri Lanka
> Swaziland
> Sweden
> Switzerland
> Syria (Arab Rep.)
> Taiwan, China
> Tajikistan
> Tanzania
> Thailand
> Trinidad & Tobago
> Tunisia
> Turkey
> Ukraine
> United States
> Uruguay
> Yemen
> Member login
News & Events
> Media Relations
> Press Releases
> Press Release 21 April 2008
> Press Release 4 April 2008
> Press Release 6 February 2008
> Press Release 29 January 2008
> Press Release 13 December 2007
> Press Release 15 November 2007
> Press Release 15 November 2007
> Press Release 15 November 2007
> Press Release 15 November 2007
> Press Release 15 November 2007
> Press Release 15 November 2007
> Press Release 14 November 2007
> Press Release 14 November 2007
> Press Release 14 November 2007
> Press Release 14 November 2007
> Press Release 14 November 2007
> Press Release 13 November 2007
> Press Release 13 November 2007
> Press Release 13 November 2007
> Press Release 13 November 2007
> Press Release 13 November 2007
> Press Release 13 November 2007
> Press Release 12 November 2007
> Press Release 12 November 2007
> Press Release 12 November 2007
> Press Release 12 November 2007
> Press Release 12 November 2007
> Press Release 11 November 2007
> Press Release 11 November 2007
> Press Release 11 November 2007
> Press Release 05 October 2007
> Press Release 19 September 2007
> Press Release 21 Jun 2007
> Press Release 07 May 2007
> Press Release 22 Mar 2007
> Press Release 08 Mar 2007
> Press Release 30 Jan 2007
> Press Release 06 Sep 2006 (fr)
> Press Release 06 Sep 2006
> Speeches
> Presentations
> News
> Energy Events
> EnergyFax
> EnergyFax 15 September 2007
> EnergyFax 1 October 2007
> EnergyFax 1 Octobre 2007
> EnergyFax 15 Septiembre 2007
> EnergyFax 1 Octubre 2007
> EnergyFax Archive
> EnergyFax 1 Abril 2007
> EnergyFax 1 Avril 2007
> EnergyFax 1 April 2007
> EnergyFax 15 Abril 2007
> EnergyFax 15 Avril 2007
> EnergyFax 15 April 2007
> Energy Fax 1 Mayo 2007
> EnergyFax 1 Mai 2007
> EnergyFax 1 May 2007
> EnergyFax 15 Mayo 2007
> Energy Fax 15 Mai 2007
> EnergyFax 15 May 2007
> EnergyFax 1 June 2007
> EnergyFax 1 Juin 2007
> EnergyFax 1 Junio 2007
> EnergyFax 15 June 2007
> EnergyFax 15 Juin 2007
> EnergyFax 15 Junio 2007
> EnergyFax 1 July 2007
> EnergyFax 1 Juillet 2007
> EnergyFax 1 Julio 2007
> EnergyFax 15 July 2007
> EnergyFax 15 Juillet 2007
> EnergyFax 15 Julio 2007
> EnergyFax 1 August 2007
> EnergyFax 1 Août 2007
> EnergyFax 1 Agosto 2007
> EnergyFax 15 August 2007
> EnergyFax 15 Août
> EnergyFax 15 Agosto 2007
> EnergyFax 1 September 2007
> EnergyFax 1 Septembre 2007
> EnergyFax 1 Novembre 2007
> EnergyFax 1 Noviembre 2007
> Future Energy Leaders Community
> Community Members
> Rome Congress 2007 Youth Programme
> Youth Declaration 2007
> Seminar Presentations
> 2007 Youth Programme Blog (closed)
> Future Energy Leaders Blog
> FT-WEC Energy Leaders Summit 2008
Publications
> Current Publications
> Europe’s Vulnerability to Energy Crisis
> Energy Efficiency Policies around the World: Review and Evaluation
> Contents
> Acknowledgements
> Remerciements
> Foreword
> Summary
> Résumé
> 1 Introduction
> 1.1 Objectives of the Study
> 1.2 Why is energy efficiency an important issue?
> 1.3 Definition and Scope of Energy Efficiency
> 1.4 Energy Efficiency Policies and Measures
> 1.5 Energy Efficiency Policies Evaluation
> 2 Energy Efficiency Trends
> 2.1 Introduction
> 2.2 Energy Efficiency Indicators
> 2.3 Overall Energy Efficiency Performance
> 2.4 Industry
> 2.5 Transport
> 2.6 Household and Service Sectors
> 2.7 CO2 Emissions from Energy Combustion
> 3 Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Policies and Measures
> 3.1 Introduction
> 3.2 Institutions and Programmes
> 3.3 Regulations
> 3.4 Financial Incentives
> 3.5 Mandatory energy audits
> 3.6 ESCOs
> 3.7 Policy Instruments for Cars Energy Efficiency
> 3.8 Energy Efficiency Obligations in Europe
> 3.9 Packages of Complementary Measures: Case of Solar Water heaters
> 4 Conclusions and Recommendations
> 4.1 Energy Efficiency and CO2 Trends
> 4.2 Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Policies and Measures
> 4.3 General Conclusions and Recommendations: Energy Efficiency Policies: a win-win strategy
> Annexes
> Annex A
> Annex B
> Annex C
> Bibliography
> Energy Efficiency Indicators
> Energy Policy Scenarios to 2050
> Contents
> Foreword
> Preface
> Introduction
> 1.1 Objectives of the Study
> 1.2 Two Axes - Government Engagement and Cooperation/Integration
> 1.3 Process
> 1.4 Mathematical Process
> 1.5 The Regions
> 1.6 Structure of the Report
> The 3 A's
> 2.1 What are the three A's?
> 2.2. Where are we now on the 3 A’s?
> 2.2.1 Africa
> 2.2.2 Asia
> 2.2.3 Europe
> 2.2.4 Latin America and the Caribbean
> 2.2.5 North America
> Four Scenarios in a Nutshell
> 3.1 Leopard
> 3.2 Elephant
> 3.3 Lion
> 3.4 Giraffe
> 3.5 Key Indicators
> Results of Analysis
> 4.1. Scenario 1: Leopard
> 4.2. Scenario 2: Elephant
> 4.3. Scenario 3: Lion
> 4.4. Scenario 4: Giraffe
> 4.5. Regional Perspectives
> Regional Achievement of the 3 A's
> 5.1. Scenario 1: Leopard
> 5.2. Scenario 2: Elephant
> 5.3. Scenario 3: Lion
> 5.4. Scenario 4: Giraffe
> 5.5. Regional Policy Recommendations
> Principal Observations and Conclusions
> 6.1. Global Observations
> 6.2. Regional Observations
> Recommendations
> 7.1. Setting Realistic Global Targets
> 7.2. Associated Messages
> 7.3. Energy Policies for Action
> Next Steps
> Further Reading
> Appendices
> Appendix A: URLS
> Electricity end-use
> Electricity generation
> Stationary end-use
> Energy Price Drivers
> Investment and Finance
> POLES
> Africa
> Asia
> Europe
> Latin America and the Caribbean
> North America
> Appendix B: Specialist Perspectives
> 10.1.1 Electricity Generation and End-Use
> 10.1.2. Stationary End-Use
> 10.1.3. Transportation
> 10.1.4 Energy Price Drivers
> 10.1.5. Investment and Finance
> 10.1.6. Climate Change
> 10.1.7. 2020: Credible commitments and slower emissions growth
> 10.1.8. 2035: Emissions stabilisation
> 10.1.9. 2050: Sustainable emissions reduction
> Appendix C: Study Group Members
> Survey of Energy Resources 2007
> Foreword
> Introduction
> Overview
> Contents
> Abbreviations and Acronyms
> Conversion Factors and Energy Equivalents
> Coal
> Reserves
> Energy Demand
> Energy Security
> Inter-fuel Substitution – Coal to Liquids
> Clean Coal Technologies
> Carbon Capture and Storage
> Coal Mine Methane
> Underground Coal Gasification
> Definitions
> Tables
> Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids
> Reserves and Resources
> A Contribution to the Peak Oil Discussion
> Conclusions
> References
> Definitions
> Tables
> Oil Shale
> Introduction
> Definition of Oil Shale
> Origin of Oil Shale
> Classification of Oil Shales
> History of the Oil Shale Industry
> Oil Shale Resources
> Recoverable Resources
> References
> Tables
> Natural Bitumen and Extra-Heavy Oil
> Introduction
> Resource Quantities and Geographical Distribution
> Economics of Production, Transportation, and Refining Technology
> Transportation and Upgrading
> Economics of Upgrading and Markets for Upgraded Oil
> Summary and Implications
> References
> Definitions
> Tables
> Natural Gas
> Natural Gas Market Developments: The Way Ahead
> Natural Gas: A Successful Energy
> Assets for Future Gas Market Growth
> Stakes and Challenges
> Conclusions
> Definitions
> Tables
> Uranium
> Overview
> Production
> Exploration
> Resources
> Supply and Demand Outlook – the next two decades
> Conclusion
> References
> Definitions
> Tables
> Nuclear
> Nuclear Power Today
> Rising Expectations
> Uranium Availability
> Spent Fuel and Reprocessing
> Waste and Decommissioning
> Safety
> Proliferation Resistance
> Projected Growth for Nuclear Power
> Concluding Remarks
> References
> Tables
> Hydropower
> Introduction
> Present Situation and Future Potential
> The Changing Role of Hydropower
> Synergy with Other Renewable Energies
> Climate Change and Reservoir Emissions
> Hydropower Sustainability Guidelines
> Financing Hydropower
> Definitions
> Tables
> Peat
> Introduction
> Resources
> Uses of Peat
> Production Methods
> Energy Markets
> Peat from a Climate Impact Point of View
> The Nature of Peatlands and Peat
> Balance of Peat Usage and Life-Cycle Analysis
> Wise Use of Peat
> References
> Definitions
> Tables
> Bioenergy
> Introduction
> Wood Fuels
> Biomass for Electricity Generation
> Biofuels
> Biomass Resources
> Summary
> References
> Tables
> Solar
> Introduction
> Solar Radiation Resources
> Solar Collectors
> Solar Energy Applications
> Solar Photovoltaic Systems (PV)
> Solar Thermal Power Plants
> Solar Energy Storage Systems
> Other Solar Energy Applications
> Conclusion and Outlook
> References
> Tables
> Geothermal Energy
> Introduction
> Geothermal Resources
> Utilisation
> Technologies for Electricity Generation
> Electricity Generation
> Direct Utilisation
> Heat Pump Applications
> Environmental Issues
> Enhanced Geothermal Systems
> New Developments - drilling for higher temperatures
> Conclusions
> References
> Tables
> Wind Energy
> Resource and Potential
> Types of Modern Wind Turbine
> Energy Production
> Wind Energy Costs
> Wind Farms
> Small Wind Turbines
> Environmental Aspects
> Integration into Supply Networks
> Future Developments
> References
> Tables
> Tidal Energy
> The Tides
> Harnessing the Energy in the Tides
> The Future of Tidal Power
> References
> Wave Energy
> Introduction
> The Resource
> Wave Energy Technologies
> Environmental Aspects
> The Prospects for Wave Energy
> Conclusions
> References
> Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
> Introduction
> Types of OTEC Plant
> Economics and Finance
> A Typical OTEC Design
> The Way Ahead and the Market
> References
> Energy Maps
> Publication Archive
> Energy & Climate Change
> WEC Statement 2007
> World Energy Book Issue 3
> Statements
> 2007 Global Energy Survey
> Contents
> Executive Summary
> Introduction
> At the Cross Roads
> Sense and Simplicity
> Demand Pressures
> Supply Pressures
> Environmental Sustainability Pressures
> Political Pressures
> Conclusions
> References
> documents en français
> documentos en español
> The Role of Nuclear Power in Europe
> Alleviating Urban Energy Poverty in Latin America
> World Energy Book Issue 2
> World Energy Book Issue 1
> Comparison of Energy Systems using Life Cycle Assessment
> Drivers of the Energy Scene
> Regional Energy Integration in Africa
> Energy Market Reform
> Energy End-Use Technologies for the 21st Century
> Performance of Generating Plant: New Realities, New Needs
> Regulating District Heating and Cogeneration in Central and Eastern Europe
> Renewable Energy Projects Handbook
> Sustainable Global Energy Development: The Case for Coal
> Survey of Energy Resources 2004
> Electricity in Central Asia
> Energy Efficiency Policy Indicators
> Performance of Generating Plant
> documentos em Português
Work Programme
> Global Studies
> Vulnerabilities
> Committee Membership
> Terms of Reference
> Human Resources Availability
> Sub-group Membership
> Manufacturing Bottlenecks
> Sub-group Membership
> Water for Energy
> Sub-group Membership
> Logistics Capabilities
> Sub-group Membership
> 22nd Survey of Energy Resources
> Committee Membership
> Terms of Reference
> Energy for Mega Cities
> Committee Membership
> Terms of Reference
> Rules of Energy Trade (Task Force)
> Task Force Membership
> Terms of Reference
> Member Documents
> Energy Policy Best Practices
> Committee Membership
> Terms of Reference
> Member Documents
> Studies Archive
> Technical Programme
> Technical Committees
> Performance of Generating Plant
> Committee Membership
> Terms of Reference
> Agendas and Minutes
> Agenda 04 Sep 06
> Agenda 7 Sep 05
> Minutes 18 Apr 05
> Agenda 18 Apr 05
> Case Study
> Case Study downloads
> Energy Efficiency Policies and Indicators
> Committee Membership
> Terms of Reference
> Agenda and Minutes
> Programme 08 Jan 07
> Agenda 04 May 06
> Information Resources
> Cleaner Fossil Fuel Systems
> Committee Membership
> Terms of Reference
> Agenda and Minutes
> Agenda 25 Apr 07
> Minutes 11 Dec 06
> Agenda 11 Dec 06
> Minutes 04 Sep 06
> Agenda 04 Sep 06
> Minutes 07 Sep 05
> Agenda 07 Sep 05
> Minutes 24 Aug 05
> Agenda 24 Aug 05
> Agenda 14 Jul 05
> Minutes 03 Feb 05
> Agenda 03 Feb 05
> Task Forces
> Interconnectivity Task Force
> Task Force Membership
> Terms of Reference
> Biofuels Standards and Technologies Task Force
> Task Force Membership
> Technical Programme Archive
> Regional Programme
> Africa
> Membership
> Agendas and Minutes
> Minutes Africa Meeting Abuja
> Agenda Africa Meeting Abuja
> Grand Inga
> Agenda 1st Inga Workshop
> Agenda Inga Finance Workshop
> Asia
> Membership
> Agendas and Minutes
> Europe
> Membership
> Agendas and Minutes
> Reports
> Market roadmap Task Force
> Task Force Membership
> Agendas and Minutes
> Latin America / the Caribbean
> Membership
> Agendas and Minutes
> North America
> Membership
> Agendas and Minutes
Focus
> Fuel Cells
> What are Fuel Cells
> Types of Fuel Cells
> Fuel Cell Efficiency
> Potential Future Uses
> Potential Future Uses (2)
> Problems to Overcome
> WEC Publications
> Nuclear Waste Management
> The Wider Context
> Types of Waste
> Waste Management
> Long-term disposal solutions
> Economic Realities
> CCS
> WEC role
> CSLF Stakeholder Processes
> Blackouts
> North Eastern USA & Southern Canada
> London
> Southern Sweden and Denmark
> Italy
> Europe 2006
WEC Member Countries
Countries in orange are WEC Members
Energy Efficiency Policies
WEC report describing
energy efficiency trends and policies in over 70 countries.
more >