World Energy Scenarios

World Energy Scenarios

Scenarios provide an inclusive and strategic framework that enables big-picture thinking and decision making under deep uncertainty. They are designed to be used as a set to explore and navigate what might happen, not what should happen or what we want to happen. The World Energy Council has been developing scenarios for almost two decades to support a better-quality global strategic dialogue on the future of energy systems.

The scenarios can be used to:

  • Explore plausible pathways and encourage deeper insights into energy transition on national, regional and global levels 
  • Forge the new and still emerging energy leadership agendas
  • Think ‘outside the box’ of existing solutions and policies
  • Explore new opportunities and stress-test strategic options and policy choices

World Energy Scenario Foundations 2024

The recent Covid-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, geopolitical realignments, the rise of AI, and the devastating consequences of severe climate-change-related weather events have profoundly affected the global economy and energy system. Our new World Energy Scenario Foundations build upon elements of the 2019 World Energy Council scenarios and the lessons learned since then. They recommend key questions that leaders of all kinds need to grapple with now to achieve better outcomes for their institutions as they navigate between Rocks and Rivers.

Learn more about the 2024 World Energy Scenario Foundations

Long-Term Scenarios

The World Energy Council introduced its long-term scenarios in 2016 which focuses on the 2060 time horizon and presents three alternative pathways though the Grand Transition – Modern Jazz, Unfinished Symphony and Hard Rock. Three years later, in 2019, the Council refreshed its global energy foresight and global scenarios narratives with focus on a 2040 time horizon to explore the role of disruptive innovation in energy transition.

Learn more about Long-Term World Energy Scenarios

Covid-19 Post-Crisis Scenarios

In response to Covid-19 the World Energy Council has developed a set of post-crisis scenarios for a medium term to 2025: Pause, Rewind, Re-Record and Fast-Forward. While long-term scenarios provide a broader context for Covid-19 response, post-crisis scenarios serve as a flexible tool to prepare for an unpredictable future and shape the post-crisis agenda. These scenarios allow us to navigate how we can emerge from this crisis as a more resilient society and progress successful energy transition.

Learn more about Post-Crisis Scenarios

Powering the Global Mutirao: A Call to co-design more and better energy systems together
Published on 08 Nov 2025

Powering the Global Mutirao: A Call to co-design more and better energy systems together

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2025 Global Energy Scenarios Comparison Review
Published on 03 Jun 2025

2025 Global Energy Scenarios Comparison Review

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Innovation Insights Brief - Five Steps to Energy Storage Innovation Insights Brief - Five Steps to Energy Storage

Published on 23 Jan 2020

Innovation Insights Brief - Five Steps to Energy Storage

Affordable storage systems are a critical missing link between intermittent renewable power and a 24/7 reliability net-zero carbon scenario. Beyond solving this salient challenge...

Issues Monitor | 2019: The World’s Energy Agenda & Its Evolution Issues Monitor | 2019: The World’s Energy Agenda & Its Evolution

Published on 14 Oct 2019

Issues Monitor | 2019: The World’s Energy Agenda & Its Evolution

This report focuses on the issues facing the energy transition in Europe, using data collected by surveying over 40 managers from the European Distribution System Operators (E.DSO) and...

World Energy Trilemma Index | 2019 World Energy Trilemma Index | 2019

Published on 11 Sep 2019

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The World Energy Council’s definition of energy sustainability is based on three core dimensions: Energy Security, Energy Equity, and Environmental Sustainability of Energy Systems. Balancing these...

World Energy Scenarios | 2019: European Regional Perspectives World Energy Scenarios | 2019: European Regional Perspectives

Published on 11 Sep 2019

World Energy Scenarios | 2019: European Regional Perspectives

This report explores three plausible pathways to 2040 for a European region in Modern Jazz, Unfinished Symphony and Hard Rock futures.

Cyber challenges to the energy transition Cyber challenges to the energy transition

Published on 10 Sep 2019

Cyber challenges to the energy transition

The energy sector is experiencing a transformation, new synergies are being realised through linking operational, information technology, and communication systems: the sector’s digital footprint...

Designing for Disruptions: A new era for energy Designing for Disruptions: A new era for energy

Published on 10 Sep 2019

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The energy sector is undergoing widespread disruption. Technology is advancing rapidly while new business models are emerging. Government policies and public attitudes and behaviour are...

The Future of Nuclear: Diverse Harmonies In the Energy Transition The Future of Nuclear: Diverse Harmonies In the Energy Transition

Published on 09 Sep 2019

The Future of Nuclear: Diverse Harmonies In the Energy Transition

This report describes three plausible pathways for the future of nuclear through the lens of the World Energy Scenarios framework – Modern Jazz, Unfinished Symphony, Hard Rock

World Energy Scenarios | 2019: Exploring Innovation Pathways to 2040 World Energy Scenarios | 2019: Exploring Innovation Pathways to 2040

Published on 09 Sep 2019

World Energy Scenarios | 2019: Exploring Innovation Pathways to 2040

The world of energy is being reshaped by a set of fundamental drivers, which we term the “Grand Transition”. These drivers provide the broader context for determining global energy pathways to 2040...

Innovation Insights Brief - Energy Infrastructure: Affordability Enabler or Decarbonisation Constraint? Innovation Insights Brief - Energy Infrastructure: Affordability Enabler or Decarbonisation Constraint?

Published on 02 Jul 2019

Innovation Insights Brief - Energy Infrastructure: Affordability Enabler or Decarbonisation Constraint?

The World Energy Council has developed a set of principles for designing an Infrastructure Action Plan to ensure that de...

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